In the 13th century, the Gotthard Pass region in the heart of the Alps became negotiable and rapidly developed into an economically important north-south crossing point. As a result, the valleys of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden at the north foot of the Gotthard massif suddenly became a focal point of European power politics, and this led their inhabitants to found the core of what was to become Switzerland with a pact of mutual assistance.
Today Switzerland is a federal state in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany, to the north, Austria and the Principality of Liechtenstein, to the east, Italy, to the south and France, to the west.
Switzerland's independence and neutrality have long been honored by the major European powers and Switzerland was not involved in either of the two World Wars. The political and economic integration of Europe over the past half century, as well as Switzerland's role in many UN and international organizations, may be rendering obsolete the country's concern for neutrality.
Border Countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein
Swiss Confederation
| Location: | Central Europe, east of France, north of Italy |
| Area: | 41,290 sq km |
| Climate: | temperate, but varies with altitude; cold,
cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers |
| Terrain: | mostly mountains (Alps in south, Jura in northwest) with a central plateau of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes |
| Population: | More Than 70 Lacs |
| Religions: | Roman Catholic 46.1%, Protestant 40%, other 5%, no religion 8.9% (1990) |
| Languages: | German 63.7%, French 19.2%, Italian 7.6%, Romansch 0.6%, other 8.9% |
| Capital: | Bern |